User:TheodoreNielson

 1 Teaching introductory courses differs from teaching intermediate and advanced-level courses in a number of ways. First, core competences in introductory courses include such things as basic comprehension, recognition of difference, and construction of simple essay arguments.youtube.com Intermediate and advanced courses on the other hand emphasize competences such as critical examination of materials, command of sophisticated, advanced concepts, exposure to the research process, formulating research questions and constructing arguments.  2 DeCuyper (1997 DeCuyper, S. 1997-98.youtube.com On the future of photographic representation in anthropology: lessons from the practice of community photography in Britain.  3 For a readable and thorough historical account of photography and the geographical imagination, see Schwartz & Ryan (2003 Schwartz, J. and Ryan, J. 2003. Picturing Place: Photography and the Geographical Imagination, London: I.B.


They date the affair between geography and photography to 1839 with the announcement of the invention of a "process for fixing an image directly from nature using optical chemical means (the daguerreotype)". Geographers latched on to the new technology immediately.  4 This idea is discussed in the work of Griffin (1993 Griffin, M. 1993. The millstone of popular culture: competing with the commercial mass production of cultural imagery.  5 Communication specialists are interested in the meaning of images whereas aficionados of photography are more interested in discussions of sampling density, the effect of sky cover and sun direction, and messages implied by cropping, zooming, perspective and foregrounding/background. Thanks to the reader in the blind review process for pointing this out.


 6 See deCuyper (1997 DeCuyper, S. 1997-98. On the future of photographic representation in anthropology: lessons from the practice of community photography in Britain. Burgin (1982 Burgin, V. 1982. "Photographic practice and art theory". In Thinking Photographically, Edited by: Burgin, V. 39-42. London: Macmillan. Sekula (1982 Sekula, A. 1982. "On the invention of photographic meaning". In Thinking Photographically, Edited by: Burgin, V. 84-109. London: Macmillan.  7 Van Leeuwen & Jewitt (2001 Van Leeuwen, T. and Jewitt, C. 2001. Handbook of Visual Analysis, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. ‘record’ and ‘construct’. In the same volume, Collier (2001 Collier, M. 2001. "Approaches to analysis in visual anthropology". In Handbook of Visual Analysis, Edited by: van Leeuwen, T. and Jewitt, C. 35-60. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.  8 For a discussion of slides as visual accompaniments in geography, see Rose (2003 Rose, G. 2003. On the need to ask how, exactly, is geography ‘visual’?.


 9 Rose's (1996 Rose, G. 1996.youtube.com Teaching visualized geographies: toward a methodology for the interpretation of visual materials. Lister and Wells (2001 Lister, M. and Wells, L. 2001. "Seeing beyond belief: cultural studies as an approach to analyzing the visual". In Handbook of Visual Analysis, Edited by: van Leeuwen, T. and Jewitt, C. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. Rose's work and note that it seems not to advance a specific methodology but, rather, lists an agenda of questions and issues for addressing specific images. 10 One can only speculate on why he thought photographs documented the end. 11 Of note, the theme of the 2002 meeting of the International Visual Sociology Association was Visualizing Community, State, and Nation: Images of Power and Social Bond.


12 The notion of ideal type as used here draws on the work of Weber (1958 Weber, M. 1958. Essays in Sociology, New York: Oxford University Press. Specifically he suggests that because social phenomena involve human behaviour, understanding them requires that they be situated in one of four categories—emotion, custom/habit, rational, or irrational. Ideal types, then, are phenomena that appear normal, logically consistent and sufficiently different so as to stand out. 13 Globalization is defined as the increasing integration of national economies into the international economy through trade, direct foreign investment, capital flows, and flows of workers and technology. 14 Barndt's work is international; deCuyper's work is on the city scale; and Orella's is on the neighbourhood scale. 15 I have been teaching for 22 years.


During that time, it has become apparent to me that although students can answer a question about a geographic concept, often they cannot place it in the ground—‘see’ how it looks and how it plays out spatially. Observing this has led me to believe that the ability to ‘see’ does not come naturally. I began formal coursework in photography five years ago. Since then, I have learned to appreciate visual culture. Importantly, what I realized was that everything I saw, I did not necessarily understand. The possibilities connected with marrying the practice of geography with the practice of photography were indeed unlimited as the early geographers with the Colonial Office Visual Instruction Committee (COVIC) had already observed. 16 The university's core curriculum requires that students take courses such as Art History and Introduction to Visual Language. I think these courses provide some foundation for the visual demands of this class.


17 Urban social geography is that subfield of the discipline that seeks answers to questions like: Why do city populations get sifted according to race and class producing distinctive neighbourhoods? What processes are responsible for the sifting? How do households and individuals become physically segregated within the city? Does location within a city affect behaviour? How do people make choices regarding where they live? What groups are able to manipulate the geography of the city and to whose advantage? These questions are noted in the introduction to Knox and Pinch's classic textbook, Urban Social Geography (2000 Knox, P. and Pinch, S. 2000. Urban Social Geography: An Introduction, London: Pearson Education. 18 This is accomplished by fostering learning not only through traditional ways of reading and writing but through non-traditional ways of seeing, listening, talking, etc. In other words, using all the senses to acquire knowledge.


19 As noted, however, many students come to the class having already taken a photography course or with a very keen interest in picture taking. For those with absolutely no foundation, several supports (e.g. sociological and anthropological sourcebooks, one-on-one discussions outside class, and email conversations) are available. I also have on hand a number of ‘photography’ books that students can use as a guide. 20 For a fuller discussion of geographies of exclusion, see Sibley (1995 Sibley, D. 1995. Geographies of Exclusion, London: Routledge. 21 Sibley (1995 Sibley, D. 1995. Geographies of Exclusion, London: Routledge. Low (2003 Low, S. 2003. Behind the Gates: Life, Security, and the Pursuit of Happiness in Fortress America, New York: Routledge. 22 For an exhaustive discussion of gentrification, see Lees (1996 Lees, L. 1996. In the pursuit of difference: representations of gentrification.


23 Reliance on the private car is peculiar to the US in particular and even so, not in all cities, e.g. New York City. 24 These material expressions include small-scale doors and windows that face the street, walkability, comfort and accessibility. 25 Though it is rare not to need a caption, captions do ‘play with’ viewer independence in a hyper-realistic way. 26 Although students have considerable flexibility, projects like food tastings and fashion shows are not allowed. The project has to be one that can be presented to a professional association, an academic audience or a policy group. Many elect to do something akin to a photo-essay. 27 While some of the photo-essays were ‘realist’ in that they took the viewer on an actual route through an area, others were more iconic or representational.


28 DeCuyper (1997 DeCuyper, S. 1997-98. On the future of photographic representation in anthropology: lessons from the practice of community photography in Britain. Docklands in East London captured only the reality of white dock workers. During the initial phase of redevelopment, however, the Docklands comprised almost 50 per cent people of colour. 29 While this might seem problematic for some, Schilling and Schilling (1998 Schilling, K. and Shilling, K. 1998. "Proclaiming and sustaining excellence: assessment as a faculty role". In ASHE-ERIC. Higher Education Report Series, Washington, DC: George Washington University. ASHE-ERIC, list these among their ‘Ten Principles Underlying Effective Assessment’. 30 The classic instance of this was the student who brought in photos of a new development in Exton (an upper-income suburb of Philadelphia) and captioned it as an example of new urbanism. It was only after other students critiqued his work and forced him to delve deeply into the concept that he could see that his photographs were of a quasi-new-town development, not new urbanism.


A collective noun is a noun used to group people or things in a descriptive or fanciful way. A collective noun is an informal part of language. Any noun that suits the situation can function as a collective noun, for example, "a note of news", "a heap of news", or "an outpouring of news". What is the collective noun for news readers? There is no standard collective noun for news readers. There is a collective noun used for 'reporters' and 'journalists' that may be appropriate: a scoop of news readers. Is the word news a collective noun? No, the noun 'news' is not a collective noun.


The noun 'news' is an uncountable noun, a type of aggregate noun, a word representing an indefinite number of elements or parts. The word 'news' is an abstract noun, a word for a concept. What is the collective noun for A bit of? The noun 'bit' is not a standardized collective noun. Collective nouns are an informal part of language, any noun that suits the context can function as a collective noun. Is gaggle an adjective? No it is not. It is a collective noun for a group of geese, or metaphorically any large group (e.g. a gaggle of photographers).


The noun 'public' is not a collective noun. There is no collective noun used to group the noun 'public'. Is the word cheerleading a collective noun? No, it is not a noun so it is not a collective noun. The noun form is cheerleader, but that is not a collective noun. What is the Collective noun for Collective noun? There is no specific collective noun for "collective nouns." However, I have seen a list of collective nouns and a page of collective nouns. What is the collective noun for silverware? There is no standard collective noun for 'silverware'. A collective noun is an informal part of language, any noun that suits the context can function as a collective noun.


An appropriate collective noun is a set of silverware. Is victory a collective noun? No, the noun 'victory' is not a collective noun. The collective noun for victories is a series of victories. What is the collective noun of tube? There is no standard collective noun for the noun tube. A collective noun is an informal part of speech. When there is no standard collective noun, a noun that suits the situation can be used. What is the collective noun for themes? There is no standard collective noun for the noun themes. A collective noun is an informal part of speech. When there is no standard collective noun, a noun that suits the situation can be used. Is LAND a collective noun? No, the noun land is not a collective noun.


However, any noun can function is as a collective noun in a suitable context without being a designated collective noun. Is authority a collective noun? No, the noun 'authority' is not a standard collective noun.youtube.com A collective noun is a noun used to group people or things in a descriptive way. Collective nouns are an informal part of language, any noun that suits the context can function as a collective noun. For example, in the noun phrase 'a field of authorities', the noun 'field' is used as a collective noun. What is the collective noun of reflection? There is no standard collective noun for a group of reflections. The noun 'reflection' is not a standard collective noun. Is lumber a collective noun?


No, the noun lumber is not used as a collective noun. The collective noun for lumber is a stack of lumber. Is Book a collective noun as it has collection of pages? Collective nouns are an informal part of language. There are hundreds of standard collective noun, but any noun that suits a situation can function as a collective noun. A collective noun is a function of a noun, not a form of a noun. The standard use of 'book' as a collective noun is 'a book of stamps' or 'a book of matches'. Can salvation be a collective noun?


A collective noun is a word used to group people or things taken together as one whole. The noun 'salvation' is not commonly a collective noun. However, if a noun such as 'salvation' suits the context of a situation, it can be used as a collective noun. A collective noun is considered a collective noun as a function, not as a definition of the noun. Collective nouns are an informal part of language. Is games a collective noun? No, games is not a collective noun. The collective noun for games is 'a compendium of games'. What is a collective noun of shoal? Shoal is a collective noun.


It is the collective noun for fish. A shoal of fish. Is legislature a collective noun? No, the word legislatureis not a collective noun. However, any noun can function is as a collective noun in a suitable context without being a designated collective noun. Is science a collective noun? No, the word scienceis not a collective noun. However, any noun can function is as a collective noun in a suitable context without being a designated collective noun. Is farm a collective noun? No, the noun farm is not a collective noun. Is office a collective noun? No, the noun office is not a collective noun.


Is kin a collective noun? No, the noun 'kin' is not a collective noun. Is classroom a collective noun? No, the noun classroom is not a collective noun. Is door a collective noun? No, the noun door is not a collective noun. Is a bottle of vinegar example of collective noun? Yes, in the term 'a bottle of vinegar', the noun 'bottle' is serving as a collective noun. A collective noun is considered a collective noun as a function, not as a definition of the noun. Collective nouns are an informal part of language. What is screw in collective noun?


Is cat an collective noun? No it is not a collective noun. What is the collective noun for pod? The noun pod has no collective noun of its own. The word pod is a collective noun for peas or whales. What is collective noun for applauded the dancer? As a collective noun, the noun phrase is: "a round of applause for the dancer" (the collective noun is 'round'). What is the collective noun for ring? The collective noun for 'rings' is a set of rings. The noun 'ring' is a collective noun for a ring of keys. What is the collective noun of house? The collective noun for 'houses' is a huddle of houses. The noun 'house' is a collective noun for a house of senators. What is beauties a collective noun for? The noun beauties is not a collective noun.


There is a collective noun to group the word beauties: a bevy of beauties. Can friends be collective pronoun? The collective form is a noun, not a pronoun (a collective noun). The noun 'friends' is not a collective noun. The noun 'friends' is the plural form of the noun 'friend'. A collective noun is a noun used to group people or things in a descriptive way. Is Industry a collective noun? No, the noun 'industry' is not a standard collective noun. There is, however, a standard collective noun for the noun 'industry': a blight of industry. What is the collective noun for a chest of cutlery for use in the home? A collective noun is an informal part of language. Any noun that suits the situation can function as a collective noun.


In the noun phrase 'a chest of cutlery', the noun 'chest' is functioning as a collective noun. The standard collective noun is 'a set of cutlery'. Is taxes a collective noun? No, the noun 'taxes' is not a collective noun; taxes is the plural form for the noun tax. However, any noun can function as a collective noun in a suitable context without being a designated collective noun. Is joy a collective noun? No, the noun joy is not a collective noun.A collective noun for joy is a bundle of joy. Collective noun for a boat? A collective noun is a noun used to group people or things in a descriptive way. A collective noun is not used for a singular noun such as 'boat'.


The standard collective noun for boats is a flotilla of boats. Is addition a collective noun? No, the noun 'addition' is not a standard collective noun. A collective noun is a noun used to group people or things taken together as one whole in a descriptive way. A collective noun is an informal part of language and any noun that suits the situation can be used as a collective noun. What is the collective noun for wealth? There is no standard collective noun for the noun 'wealth', however, the noun wealth is a standard collective noun for 'a wealth of information'. A collective noun is an informal part of language. Any noun that suits the situation can function as a collective noun; for example, an accumulation of wealth or a windfall of wealth.


Collective noun for bed sheet pillow blanket? There is no standard collective noun for the noun 'bed', however the noun 'bed' is used as a collective noun for a 'bed of roses' or a 'bed of oysters'. The collective nouns for the noun 'sheet' are a 'pad of sheets' or a 'pile of sheets'. The collective noun for the noun 'blanket' is a 'swelter of blankets'. What is the collective noun for 'families forming a community'? The collective noun is a community of families.youtube.com The noun 'community' is functioning as a collective noun. What is the collective noun for belt? The noun 'belt' is a standard collective noun for a belt of asteroids. The is no standard collective noun for a group of belts.


Like when you look at a magazien and the cover has a picture its from a photographer. What is the collective noun news photographers? What is a professional photographers salary? When was Association of Photographers created? Is is photographers assistant or photographers' assistant? Why do people want to become photographers? How many professional photographers are there in the world? What are good social networks for photographers? Where can one find cheap wedding photographers? Cheap wedding photographers can generally be found on the YellowPages photographers. Independent photographers are generally cheaper than professional companies. One can also get a friend or family member to do the job for little to no pay.


How do you distinguish wedding photographers from studio photographers? Aside from the word "wedding", there is not much difference from wedding photographers from those working in the studio. Wedding photographers are more specialized, in a way, because they can also take pictures inside the studio. Also, wedding photographers work on the field during weddings which makes them more versatile and in demand. Where do photographers work? Well most photographers work in there own studio depending on what type of photographer they are. Some photographers are just assistants so they help out at a studio usually. How much do underwater photographers make a year? Do they have dog photographers in Texas?youtube.com Yes they do have dog photographers in Texas hope this helped!


Where can one find professional wedding photographers? One can find listings of professional wedding photographers on multiple websites. Including but not limited to "Professional Wedding Photographers Network" and "PhotographyPros". What is the name of the people that took pictures of the dead in the old times? What do wedding photographers do? Gold Coast Wedding Photographers do the best photography by far from my point of view. Do photographers work alone or with others? When was Japan Professional Photographers Society created? When was Boston Society of Amateur Photographers created? Where can I find Wedding Photographers in Mumbai? There are many photographers who will do weddings.


Check with friends for good references. What do photographers do in the beginning of their career?youtube.com It depends on the type of photographer. Studio and social photographers (including wedding photographers) often start by becoming assistants to professional photographers. The work is usually poorly paid as the assistant is gaining valuable experience. Landscape photographers, often start by submitting work to magazines and calandars. Whats the pay for photographer? The pay for photographers vary greatly. I have met with photographers that will charge 1000 dollars for a head shot.youtube.com Generally that will be more experienced photographers, beginning photographers can make a lot less.


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